PROSPECTUS
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5,000,000 Shares
[LOGO]
Common Stock
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We are selling all of the 5,000,000 shares of common stock offered by this
prospectus.
Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"ISIP." On October 22, 2001, the last reported sales price of our common stock
on the Nasdaq National Market was $20.15 per share.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any
shares you should read the discussion of material risks of investing in our
common stock in "Risk factors" beginning on page 5 of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the
accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
Per Share Total
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Public offering price $20.00 $100,000,000
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Underwriting discount and commissions $ 1.20 $ 6,000,000
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Proceeds, before expenses, to us $18.80 $ 94,000,000
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The underwriters may also purchase from us up to an additional 750,000 shares of
our common stock at the public offering price less the underwriting discount, to
cover over-allotments, if any, within 30 days of the date of this prospectus.
The underwriters are offering the shares of our common stock as described in
"Underwriting." Delivery of the shares will be made on or about October 25,
2001.
UBS Warburg
Robertson Stephens
Needham & Company, Inc.
Fortis Securities Inc.
The date of this prospectus is October 22, 2001
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You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, including
information incorporated by reference. We have not authorized anyone else to
provide you with different information. You should not assume that the
information in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on
the front of this prospectus or that any document incorporated by reference is
accurate as of any date other than its filing date. You should not consider this
prospectus to be an offer or solicitation relating to the securities in any
jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation relating to the securities
is not authorized. Furthermore, you should not consider this prospectus to be an
offer or solicitation relating to the securities if the person making the offer
or solicitation is not qualified to do so, or if it is unlawful for you to
receive such an offer or solicitation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Prospectus summary..................... 1
The offering........................... 3
Other information...................... 3
Risk factors........................... 5
Disclosure regarding forward-looking
statements........................... 12
Use of proceeds........................ 12
Capitalization......................... 13
Market price of common stock........... 14
Dividend policy........................ 14
Dilution............................... 15
Selected consolidated financial data... 16
Underwriting........................... 17
Where you can find more information.... 19
Incorporation of certain documents by
reference............................ 19
Legal matters.......................... 20
Experts................................ 20
Isis Pharmaceuticals-TM-, GeneTrove-TM- and Ibis Therapeutics-TM- are trademarks
of Isis. Vitravene-Registered Trademark- is a registered trademark of
Novartis AG. This prospectus also contains trademarks and servicemarks of other
companies.
Prospectus summary
THIS SUMMARY HIGHLIGHTS SELECTED INFORMATION APPEARING ELSEWHERE IN THIS
PROSPECTUS AND MAY NOT CONTAIN ALL OF THE INFORMATION THAT IS IMPORTANT TO YOU.
THIS PROSPECTUS INCLUDES INFORMATION ABOUT THE SHARES WE ARE OFFERING, AS WELL
AS INFORMATION REGARDING OUR BUSINESS AND DETAILED FINANCIAL DATA. WE ENCOURAGE
YOU TO READ THIS PROSPECTUS IN ITS ENTIRETY, INCLUDING THE DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE. AS USED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, UNLESS OTHERWISE
SPECIFIED OR THE CONTEXT REQUIRES OTHERWISE, THE TERMS "ISIS," "WE," "OUR" AND
"US" REFER TO ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
We are a biopharmaceutical company pioneering RNA-based drug discovery
technologies to identify and commercialize novel drugs to treat significant
unmet medical needs. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a molecule that provides to a
cell the information needed to produce proteins, some of which are involved in
disease. Interference with RNA can keep proteins involved in disease from being
produced. We have strong proprietary positions in RNA-based drug discovery
technologies. With our primary technology, antisense, we create inhibitors
designed to bind with high specificity to their intended RNA target. With our
Ibis technology, we use our expertise in RNA to design small molecule
therapeutics that interfere with RNA. We also use our antisense technology in
collaborations with pharmaceutical company partners to identify and prioritize
attractive gene targets for their drug discovery programs. We believe we have
established a leadership position in exploiting RNA as a target for therapeutic
intervention.
We have used our antisense technology to commercialize our first product,
Vitravene. Vitravene demonstrates our ability to meet FDA regulatory
requirements and to commercially manufacture antisense drugs. We have 12
products in our development pipeline with eight in human clinical trials
designed to assess efficacy. Our products in development address numerous
therapeutic areas with major market potential, including cancer, psoriasis,
rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis C and diabetes. We are expanding the therapeutic
opportunities for antisense drugs by developing a variety of formulations to
enhance patient compliance and convenience. We are also pursuing
second-generation drugs that may be able to be dosed as infrequently as once per
month and that may be able to be dosed orally.
ISIS 3521, our most advanced product currently under development, is undergoing
Phase III clinical trials in combination with traditional chemotherapy cancer
drugs. We initiated this Phase III trial in late 2000 for patients with
non-small cell lung cancer, the most common form of lung cancer, based on
promising results in patients in the Phase II trial. Results from this study
showed a median survival time of 15.9 months in patients using our drug in
combination with standard chemotherapy. The typical median survival time of
similar cancer patients receiving standard chemotherapy alone is approximately
seven or eight months. In November 2000, the FDA granted ISIS 3521 fast track
review status. Prior to the end of 2001, we also plan to initiate Phase III
clinical trials for another product, ISIS 2302, in an inflammatory bowel disease
known as Crohn's disease. We have five additional products undergoing Phase II
clinical trials.
Our GeneTrove division uses our antisense technology as a tool to provide
pharmaceutical companies with important information about genes that these
companies are interested in targeting for their drug discovery programs. We
provide this information rapidly and efficiently, using the same proprietary
methods and systems that we developed to create antisense drugs. We have
collaborations in place with five major pharmaceutical partners for these
services, including Eli Lilly and Company, Celera Genomics Group, Abbott
Laboratories Inc., Aventis (Rhone-Poulenc Rorer) and the R.W. Johnson
Pharmaceutical Research Institute, a member of the Johnson & Johnson family of
companies. We have supplemented our GeneTrove services business with the
introduction in August 2001 of a subscription database product in August 2001.
This database is expected to contain proprietary information about the function
of thousands of genes, which we believe pharmaceutical companies will find
valuable in
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designing and prioritizing their drug discovery programs. Our GeneTrove division
is generating near-term revenues while enhancing our own antisense drug
discovery efforts and our patent portfolio.
Our Ibis Therapeutics division designs small molecule drugs that work by binding
to RNA, in contrast to traditional drugs, which bind to proteins. Our scientists
have invented methods of identifying RNA targets and screening for drugs which
bind to RNA. Since its inception, Ibis has received significant financial
support from various federal government agencies to use its technology for the
development of RNA-based countermeasures to biological warfare. In June 2000,
Ibis initiated its first collaboration with a pharmaceutical industry partner,
Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Pfizer company, in a research partnership worth
up to $37 million. In May 2001, we received a $2.5 million milestone payment
under this collaboration.
We have a broad patent portfolio relating to our technologies. We own or have an
exclusive license to more than 800 issued patents, which we believe represents
the largest antisense and RNA-oriented patent estate in the pharmaceutical
industry. Our intellectual property is a strategic asset of the company. We are
exploiting our patent estate to generate near-term revenues for the company.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
ELI LILLY AND COMPANY. In August 2001, we entered into a broad strategic
relationship with Lilly that has four key components:
- Lilly purchased $75 million of our common stock at $18 per share.
- We licensed to Lilly rights to ISIS 3521, our antisense drug in Phase III
trials for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
- We initiated with Lilly a four-year antisense drug discovery collaboration in
the areas of metabolic and inflammatory diseases and a related GeneTrove
collaboration to determine the function of up to 1,000 genes.
- Lilly committed to lend us, interest-free, up to $100 million over a four-year
period to fund our obligations under the drug discovery collaboration. This
loan is repayable at our option in either cash or our common stock, valued at
$40 per share.
If this collaboration is successful, the cumulative contingent funds over the
life of the development process have the potential to exceed these committed
funds.
MERCK & CO., INC. In May 2001, we licensed to Merck our preclinical antisense
drug candidate, ISIS 113715, for adult onset, or Type 2, diabetes. Under the
agreement, Merck has agreed to develop and commercialize ISIS 113715 in exchange
for an upfront fee and milestone payments and royalties upon its successful
development and approval. In August 2001, we received a $2 million milestone
payment under this agreement.
CELERA GENOMICS GROUP. In July 2001, Celera and our GeneTrove division entered
into a collaboration to identify the biological role of more than 200 genes.
Celera has the right to select for study a portfolio of genes, from which Celera
can further select a limited number of genes for their exclusive use. The data
for the remainder of the genes will be included in our human gene function
database. We retain the rights to develop and commercialize antisense drugs to
genes in the collaboration. Celera has agreed to pay us fees for this 18-month
collaboration.
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The offering
Common stock offered......................... 5,000,000 shares
Common stock outstanding after the
offering................................... 52,087,796 shares
Use of proceeds.............................. For research, drug discovery and development
activities, including preclinical and
clinical studies, production of compounds for
studies, capital expenditures, and other
general corporate purposes. See "Use of
Proceeds."
Nasdaq National Market symbol................ "ISIP"
Unless we specifically state otherwise, the information in this prospectus
assumes that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase up to
750,000 shares of common stock to cover over-allotments.
The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after the offering in
the table above is based on the number of shares outstanding as of
September 30, 2001, and does not include, as of that date:
- 8,443,801 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding
options issued under our equity incentive plans at a weighted average exercise
price of $9.47 per share and an additional 2,228,952 shares of common stock
available for future grants under our equity incentive plans;
- 1,029,881 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding
warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $25.16 per share;
- 1,562,020 shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of our
outstanding Series A and Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and related
accreted dividends, assuming a stock price of $17.05 per share, the closing
price of our common stock on September 30, 2001;
- 3,007,182 shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion of our
outstanding indebtedness assuming a stock price of $17.05 per share, the
closing price of our common stock on September 30, 2001; and
- shares of our common stock issuable to Hybridon, with a maximum of 2,071,429
shares and a minimum of 673,077 shares.
Other information
Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was incorporated in California in January 1989, and
in April 1991 we changed our state of incorporation to Delaware. Our executive
offices are located at 2292 Faraday Avenue, Carlsbad, California 92008, and our
telephone number is (760) 931-9200. Information contained on our website,
www.isip.com, does not constitute part of this prospectus.
Our research and development programs have continued to evolve subsequent to our
description of those programs in documents incorporated by reference in this
prospectus. Some programs may have been deferred or abandoned, and some programs
may have been added. While these changes may be material as to any particular
program, we do not believe that, except as may be described herein or in a
document incorporated by reference, they are material to our business overall.
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Summary consolidated financial data
The as adjusted balance sheet data gives effect to the sale of 5,000,000 shares
of our common stock in this offering at a price of $20.00 per share, after
deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses. The
following data should be read together with the financial statements, the
related notes and other financial information included in this prospectus and
incorporated herein by reference.
Nine Months
ended
Years Ended December 31, September 30,
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2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 2001 2000
Statement of operations data (unaudited)
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(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Total revenues....................................... $37,255 $33,925 $39,171 $32,722 $22,663 $31,529 $29,319
Research and development expenses.................... 57,014 66,413 62,200 55,940 45,653 58,954 41,986
Net loss applicable to common stock.................. (54,699) (59,645) (42,983) (31,066) (26,521) (59,175) (38,936)
Basic and diluted net loss per share................. (1.48) (2.08) (1.60) (1.17) (1.04) (1.43) (1.08)
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss
per share.......................................... 37,023 28,703 26,873 26,456 25,585 41,517 36,172
As of September 30,
2001
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As
Actual Adjusted(1)
Balance sheet data
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(in thousands,
unaudited)
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments........... $213,202 $306,892
Working capital............................................. 183,852 277,542
Total assets................................................ 294,412 388,102
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, less current
portion................................................... 123,651 123,651
Accumulated deficit......................................... (370,635) (370,635)
Stockholders' equity........................................ 118,030 211,720
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(1) THE FINANCIAL DATA ABOVE EXCLUDES TRANSACTIONS SUBSEQUENT TO SEPTEMBER 30,
2001, INCLUDING $5 MILLION RECEIVED FROM LILLY ON OCTOBER 18, 2001 RELATED
TO THE $100 MILLION LOAN LILLY COMMITTED TO LEND ISIS.
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Risk factors
INVESTING IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. IN ADDITION TO THE
OTHER INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS, YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISKS
DESCRIBED BELOW BEFORE PURCHASING OUR COMMON STOCK. IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING
RISKS ACTUALLY OCCUR, OUR BUSINESS COULD BE MATERIALLY HARMED, AND OUR FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS COULD BE MATERIALLY AND ADVERSELY AFFECTED.
AS A RESULT, THE TRADING PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK COULD DECLINE, AND YOU MIGHT
LOSE ALL OR PART OF YOUR INVESTMENT.
If we or our partners fail to obtain regulatory approval for our products, we
will not be able to sell them.
We and our partners must conduct time-consuming, extensive and costly clinical
trials to show the safety and efficacy of each of our drug candidates, before a
drug candidate can be approved for sale. We must conduct these trials in
compliance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations and with
comparable regulations in other countries. If the FDA or another regulatory
agency believes that we or our partners have not sufficiently demonstrated the
safety or efficacy of our drug candidates, it will not approve them or will
require additional studies which can be time consuming and expensive, and which
will delay commercialization of a drug candidate. We and our partners may not be
able to obtain necessary regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all, for
any of our drug candidates. Failure to receive these approvals or delays in such
receipt could prevent or delay commercial introduction of a product and, as a
result, could negatively impact our ability to generate revenue from product
sales. In addition, following approval of a drug candidate, we and our partners
must comply with comprehensive government regulations regarding how we
manufacture, market and distribute products. If we fail to comply with these
regulations, regulators could force us to withdraw a drug candidate from the
market or impose other penalties or requirements that could have a similar
negative impact.
We have only introduced one commercial product, Vitravene. We cannot guarantee
that any of our other drug candidates will be safe and effective, be approved
for commercialization or will be successfully commercialized by us or our
partners.
If the results of clinical testing indicate that any of our drugs under
development are not suitable for commercial use, or if additional testing is
required to demonstrate such suitability, we may need to abandon one or more of
our drug development programs.
Drug discovery and development has inherent risks, including the risk that
molecular targets prove not to be important in a particular disease, the risk
that compounds that demonstrate attractive activity in preclinical studies do
not demonstrate similar activity in human beings, and the risk that a compound
is not safe or effective for use in humans. Antisense technology in particular
is relatively new and unproven. Most of our resources are being applied to
create safe and effective drugs for human use; any of the risks described above
could prevent us from doing so. In the past, we have invested in clinical
studies of drug candidates, including some that remain in our pipeline, that
have not resulted in proof of efficacy against targeted indications.
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If our products are not accepted by the market, we are not likely to generate
significant revenues or become profitable.
Our success will depend upon the medical community, patients and third party
payors accepting our products as medically useful, cost-effective and safe. We
cannot guarantee that any of our products in development, if approved for
commercialization, will be used by doctors to treat patients. We currently have
one commercially available product, Vitravene, a treatment for CMV retinitis in
AIDS patients, which addresses a small market. We and our partners may not be
successful in commercializing additional products.
The degree of market acceptance for any of our products depends upon a number of
factors, including:
- the receipt and scope of regulatory approvals;
- the establishment and demonstration in the medical and patient community of
the efficacy and safety of our drug candidates and their potential advantages
over competing products;
- the cost of our drug candidates compared to other available therapies;
- the patient convenience of the dosing regimen for our drug candidates; and
- reimbursement policies of government and third-party payors.
Based on the profile of our drug candidates, physicians, patients, patient
advocates, payors or the medical community in general may not accept and use any
products that we may develop.
If any of our collaborative partners fail to fund our collaborative programs or
develop or sell any of our products under development, or if we are unable to
obtain additional partners, progress on our drug development programs could be
delayed or stop.
We have entered into collaborative arrangements with third parties to develop
certain product candidates. We enter into these collaborations in order to:
- fund our research and development activities;
- access manufacturing by third parties;
- seek and obtain regulatory approvals; and
- successfully commercialize existing and future product candidates.
If any of our partners fails to develop or sell any drug in which we have
retained a financial interest, our business may be negatively affected. We
cannot be sure that any of these collaborations will be continued or result in
commercialized drugs. Our collaborators can terminate their relationships with
us under certain circumstances, some of which are outside of our control. Our
most advanced drug candidate, ISIS 3521, is being developed collaboratively with
Lilly, with the development funded by Lilly. Additional drug candidates in our
development pipeline are being developed and/or funded by corporate partners
including Merck & Company, Inc. and Elan Corporation, plc. Failure by any of
these pharmaceutical company partners to continue to fund and/or develop these
drug candidates would have a material adverse effect on our business.
Certain of our partners are pursuing other technologies or developing other drug
candidates either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our
competitors, to develop treatments for the same diseases targeted by our own
collaborative programs. Such competition may negatively impact
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the partners' focus on and commitment to our drug candidate and, as a result,
could delay or otherwise negatively affect the commercialization of such drug
candidate.
Historically, corporate partnering has played a key role in our strategy to fund
our development programs and to add key development resources. We plan to
continue to rely on additional collaborative arrangements to develop and
commercialize our products. However, we may not be able to negotiate additional
attractive collaborative arrangements, and, even if negotiated, the
collaborative arrangements may not be successful.
If our GeneTrove business is unable to market its products and services as
planned, we could lose our investment in this technology.
Our business could suffer if pharmaceutical companies do not avail themselves of
our GeneTrove target validation or gene functionalization services. We have
invested in the development of a gene target validation and gene
functionalization service business for validation and functionalization of gene
targets for drug discovery. If pharmaceutical companies fail to use these
services due to competition or other factors, our GeneTrove business could fail
to make the planned contribution to our financial performance.
If we fail to introduce our human gene function database in a timely fashion or
if potential customers do not subscribe to the database at the level we have
planned, our GeneTrove business could fail to make the planned contribution to
our financial performance.
We have incurred losses, and our business will suffer if we fail to achieve
profitability in the future.
Because drug discovery and development and the development of database products
and research services require substantial lead time and money prior to
commercialization, our expenses have exceeded our revenues since we were founded
in January 1989. As of September 30, 2001, our accumulated losses were
approximately $371 million. Most of the losses resulted from costs incurred in
connection with our research and development programs and from general and
administrative costs associated with our operations. Most of our revenue has
come from collaborative arrangements, with additional revenue from interest
income and research grants and the sale or licensing of patents. Our current
product revenues are derived solely from sales of Vitravene. This product has
limited sales potential. We expect to incur additional operating losses over the
next several years, and these losses may increase if we cannot increase or
sustain revenue. We may not successfully develop any additional products or
services, or achieve or sustain future profitability.
If we fail to obtain timely funding, we may need to curtail or abandon some of
our programs.
Most of our product candidates are still undergoing clinical trials or are in
the early stages of research and development. All of our products under
development will require significant additional research, development,
preclinical and/or clinical testing, regulatory approval and a commitment of
significant additional resources prior to their commercialization. Based on our
current operating plan, we believe that our available cash and existing sources
of revenue and credit, together with the proceeds from this offering, will be
adequate to satisfy our capital needs for the foreseeable future. If we fail to
meet our goals regarding commercialization of our drug products, gene function
database product and research
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services and licensing of our proprietary technologies, we may need additional
funding in the future. Our future capital requirements will depend on many
factors, such as the following:
- the profile and launch timing of our drugs;
- continued scientific progress in our research, drug discovery and development
programs;
- the size of these programs and progress with preclinical and clinical trials;
- the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals;
- competing technological and market developments, including the introduction of
new therapies that address our markets;
- success in the marketing of our gene function database and research service
products; and
- changes in existing collaborative relationships and our ability to establish
and maintain additional collaborative arrangements.
If we need additional funds we may need to raise them through public or private
financing. Additional financing may not be available, at all or on acceptable
terms. If additional funds are raised by issuing equity securities, the shares
of existing stockholders will be diluted and their price may decline. If
adequate funds are not available, we may be required to cut back on one or more
of our research, drug discovery or development programs or obtain funds through
arrangements with collaborative partners or others. These arrangements may
require us to give up rights to certain of our technologies, product candidates
or products.
If we cannot manufacture our products or contract with a third party to
manufacture our products at costs that allow us to charge competitive prices to
buyers, we will not be able to market products profitably.
If we are successful commercializing any of our drug candidates, we may be
required to establish large-scale commercial manufacturing capabilities. In
addition, as our drug development pipeline increases and matures, we will have a
greater need for clinical trial and commercial manufacturing capacity.
Pharmaceutical products of the chemical class represented by our drug
candidates, called "oligonucleotides", have never been manufactured on a large
scale, and to our knowledge there is no commercial scale oligonucleotide
manufacturer in business today. We have a limited number of suppliers for
certain capital equipment and raw materials that we use to manufacture our
drugs, and some of these suppliers will need to increase their scale of
production to meet our projected needs for commercial manufacturing. Further, we
must continue to improve our manufacturing processes to allow us to reduce our
product costs. We may not be able to manufacture at a cost or in quantities
necessary to make commercially successful products.
Also, manufacturers, including us, must adhere to the FDA's current Good
Manufacturing Practices regulations, which are enforced by the FDA through its
facilities inspection program. The manufacturers may not be able to comply or
maintain compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices regulations.
Non-compliance could significantly delay our receipt or marketing approval or
result in FDA enforcement action.
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Risk factors
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If we fail to compete effectively, our products will not contribute significant
revenues.
Our competitors are engaged in all areas of drug discovery throughout the world,
are numerous, and include, among others, major pharmaceutical companies and
specialized biopharmaceutical firms. Other companies are engaged in developing
antisense technology. Our competitors may succeed in developing drug candidates
that are more effective than any drug candidates that we are developing. These
competitive developments could make our products obsolete or non-competitive.
Our GeneTrove division competes with others in the use of antisense technology
for gene target validation and gene functionalization, as well as with other
technologies useful for target validation and gene functionalization. Our
competition may provide services having more value to potential customers or may
market their services more effectively to such potential customers. In either
case, our gene functionalization and target validation businesses may not
contribute to our financial performance as planned.
Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and
human resources than we do. In addition, many of these competitors have
significantly greater experience than we do in conducting preclinical testing
and human clinical trials of new pharmaceutical products and in obtaining FDA
and other regulatory approvals of products for use in health care. Accordingly,
our competitors may succeed in obtaining regulatory approval for products
earlier than we do. We will also compete with respect to marketing and sales
capabilities, areas in which we have limited or no experience.
If we are unable to protect our patents or our proprietary rights, others may be
able to compete more directly against us.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon our ability to develop and
secure intellectual property rights to proprietary products and services.
However, patents may not be granted on any of our pending patent applications in
the United States or in other countries. In addition, the scope of any of our
issued patents may not be sufficiently broad to adequately protect our
competitive advantage. Furthermore, our issued patents or patents licensed to us
could potentially be successfully challenged, invalidated or circumvented so
that our patent rights would not create an effective competitive barrier.
Intellectual property litigation could be expensive and prevent us from pursuing
our programs.
It is possible that in the future we may have to defend our intellectual
property rights. In the event of an intellectual property dispute, we may be
forced to litigate to defend our rights or assert them against others. Disputes
could involve litigation or proceedings declared by the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office or the International Trade Commission. Intellectual property
litigation can be extremely expensive, and this expense, as well as the
consequences should we not prevail, could seriously harm our business.
On July 9, 2001, we initiated litigation against Sequitur, Inc. alleging
infringement of U.S. Patent 6,001,653. If we do not prevail in the defense of
this patent, it could impact our ability to realize future licensing revenues.
If a third party claims that our products or technology infringe their patents
or other intellectual property rights, we might be forced to discontinue an
important product or product line, alter our products and processes, pay license
fees or cease certain activities. We may not be able to obtain a
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9
Risk factors
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license to such intellectual property on favorable terms, if at all. There are
many patents issued or applied for in the biotechnology industry, and we may not
be aware of patents or applications held by others that relate to our business.
This is especially true since patent applications in the US are filed
confidentially. Moreover, the validity and breadth of biotechnology patents
involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal issues
remain unresolved.
If we do not progress in our programs as anticipated, our stock price could
decrease.
For planning purposes, we estimate the timing of a variety of clinical,
regulatory and other milestones, such as when a certain product candidate will
enter the clinic, when a clinical trial will be completed or when an application
for marketing approval will be filed. Some of our estimates are included in this
prospectus. Our estimates are based on present facts and a variety of
assumptions. Many of the underlying assumptions are outside of our control. If
milestones are not achieved when we expect them to be, investors could be
disappointed and our stock price would likely decrease.
The loss of key personnel, or the inability to attract and retain highly skilled
personnel, could make it more difficult to run our business and reduce our
likelihood of success.
We are dependent on the principal members of our management and scientific
staff. We do not have employment agreements with any of our management. The loss
of our management and key scientific employees might slow the achievement of
important research and development goals. It is also critical to our success
that we recruit and retain qualified scientific personnel to perform research
and development work. We may not be able to attract and retain skilled and
experienced scientific personnel on acceptable terms, because of intense
competition for experienced scientists among many pharmaceutical and health care
companies, universities and non-profit research institutions. Our collaboration
with Lilly requires us to add a significant number of skilled scientific
personnel. Our inability to add these employees may impact the success of our
Lilly collaboration.
Our stock price may continue to be highly volatile. This could make it harder
for you to liquidate your investment and could increase your risk of suffering a
loss.
The market price of our common stock, like that of the securities of many other
biopharmaceutical companies, has been and is likely to continue to be highly
volatile. During the twelve months preceding October 22, 2001, the market price
of our common stock has ranged from $7.88 to $21.98 per share. The market price
can be affected by many factors, including, for example, fluctuations in our
operating results, announcements of collaborations, clinical trial results,
technological innovations or new drug products being developed by us or our
competitors, governmental regulation, regulatory approval, developments in
patent or other proprietary rights, public concern regarding the safety of our
drugs and general market conditions.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation, other agreements and Delaware
law may prevent stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares.
Our certificate of incorporation provides for classified terms for the members
of our board of directors. Our certificate also includes a provision that
requires at least 66 2/3% of our voting stockholders to approve a merger or
certain other business transactions with, or proposed by, any holder of 15% or
more of our voting stock, except in cases where certain directors approve the
transaction or certain minimum price criteria and other procedural requirements
are met.
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Risk factors
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Our certificate of incorporation also requires that any action required or
permitted to be taken by our stockholders must be taken at a duly called annual
or special meeting of stockholders and may not be taken by written consent. In
addition, special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by the board
of directors, the chairman of the board or the chief executive officer. We also
have implemented a stockholders' rights plan, which is also called a "poison
pill," which could make it uneconomical for a third party to acquire our company
on a hostile basis. These provisions, as well as Delaware law and other of our
agreements, may discourage certain types of transactions in which our
stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then
current market prices, and may limit the ability of our stockholders to approve
transactions that they think may be in their best interests. In addition, our
board of directors has the authority to fix the rights and preferences of and
issue shares of preferred stock, which may have the effect of delaying or
preventing a change in control of our company without action by our
stockholders.
If registration rights that we have previously granted are exercised, then our
stock price may be negatively affected.
We have granted registration rights in connection with the issuance of our
securities to Elan International Services, Ltd., Eli Lilly and Company,
Hybridon, Inc. and Reliance Insurance Company. In the aggregate, these
registration rights cover approximately 5,732,273 shares of our common stock
which are currently outstanding, an additional $14.5 million of our common stock
we are obligated to issue to Hybridon, and additional shares of our common stock
which may become outstanding upon the conversion of outstanding convertible
securities. If these registration rights are exercised by the holders, it will
bring additional shares of our common stock into the market, which may have an
adverse effect on our stock price. In addition, Reliance has registration rights
with respect to the approximately $66 million of notes we issued to Reliance.
If you purchase our common stock in this offering, you will incur immediate and
substantial dilution in the book value of your shares.
You will experience an immediate and substantial dilution of $16.80 per share in
the net tangible book value per share of our common stock, at the public
offering price of $20.00 per share. After giving effect to this offering, and to
other issuances of our common stock as described in the "Dilution" section of
this prospectus, our pro forma adjusted net tangible book value as of
September 30, 2001, would have been $3.20 per share. In addition, this dilution
will be increased to the extent that holders of outstanding options and warrants
to purchase our common stock at prices below our net tangible book value per
share after this offering exercise those options or warrants.
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Disclosure regarding forward-looking statements
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference contain
forward-looking statements regarding our business and the therapeutic and
commercial potential of our technologies and products in development. Such
statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, particularly those
inherent in discovering, developing and commercializing drugs that are safe and
effective for use as human therapeutics, in the process of conducting gene
functionalization and target validation activities and in launching new products
and services for or with collaborators, and the endeavor of building a business
around such potential products. Actual results could differ materially from
those discussed in this Prospectus. Factors that could cause or contribute to
such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section
entitled "Risk Factors" beginning on page 5 of this prospectus. As a result, you
are cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements.
Use of proceeds
The net proceeds to us from the sale of the 5,000,000 shares of common stock we
are offering will be approximately $93.7 million at the public offering price of
$20.00 per share. If the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in
full, the net proceeds to us will be approximately $107.8 million. "Net
proceeds" is what we expect to receive after we pay the underwriting discount
and other estimated expenses for this offering.
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for research, drug discovery
and development programs, and for other general corporate purposes. Expenses to
be funded with the offering proceeds include costs of preclinical and clinical
studies, the production of compounds for these studies and capital expenditures.
We have not identified precisely the amounts we plan to spend on each research,
drug discovery and development program or the timing of these expenditures.
However, we currently plan that a portion of the proceeds will be used to
support our planned research and development efforts. The remaining proceeds
will be used for general corporate purposes. The amounts actually expended for
each purpose may vary significantly depending upon numerous factors, including
the amount and timing of the proceeds from this offering, progress of our
research, drug discovery and development programs, the results of preclinical
and clinical studies, the timing of regulatory approvals, technological
advances, determinations as to commercial potential of our compounds and the
status of competitive products. In addition, expenditures will also depend upon
the establishment of collaborative research arrangements with other companies,
the availability of other financing and other factors.
We may use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in businesses,
products or technologies that are complementary to our own. However, we are not
currently a party to any agreement regarding a material acquisition and no
portion of the net proceeds have been allocated for any specific acquisition.
Pending any of the above uses, the net proceeds will be invested in
investment-grade, interest-bearing debt securities.
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Capitalization
The following table sets forth our capitalization at September 30, 2001:
- on an actual basis; and
- on an as adjusted basis to give effect to the sale of the 5,000,000 shares of
common stock offered by us, at the public offering price of $20.00 per share
and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated
offering expenses to be paid by us:
As of
September 30, 2001
-------------------------
As
Actual Adjusted(1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(in thousands,
except share data)
Cash, cash equivalents and short term investments........... $ 213,202 $ 306,892
========== ==========
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, less current
portion................................................... $ 123,651 $ 123,651
Stockholders' equity:
Series A Convertible Exchangeable 5% Preferred stock,
$.001 par value; 120,150 shares authorized, issued and
outstanding, actual and adjusted........................ 12,015 12,015
Accretion of Series A Preferred stock dividends........... 1,542 1,542
Series B Convertible Exchangeable 5% Preferred stock,
$.001 par value; 16,620 shares authorized, 12,015 shares
issued and outstanding, actual and adjusted............. 12,015 12,015
Accretion of Series B Preferred stock dividends........... 1,060 1,060
Common stock, $.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares
authorized, 47,087,796 shares issued and outstanding,
actual; and 52,087,796 shares issued and outstanding, as
adjusted................................................ 47 52
Additional paid-in capital................................ 461,267 554,952
Deferred compensation..................................... (297) (297)
Accumulated other comprehensive income.................... 1,016 1,016
Accumulated deficit....................................... (370,635) (370,635)
---------- ----------
Total stockholders' equity.............................. 118,030 211,720
---------- ----------
Total capitalization.................................... $ 241,681 $ 335,371
========== ==========
---------
(1) THE FINANCIAL DATA ABOVE EXCLUDES TRANSACTIONS SUBSEQUENT TO SEPTEMBER 30,
2001, INCLUDING $5 MILLION RECEIVED FROM LILLY ON OCTOBER 18, 2001 RELATED
TO THE $100 MILLION LOAN LILLY COMMITTED TO LEND ISIS.
The table should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial
statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
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Market price of common stock
Our common stock is traded publicly through the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol "ISIP." The following table presents quarterly information on the price
range of our common stock. This information indicates the high and low sale
prices reported by the Nasdaq National Market. These prices do not include
retail markups, markdowns or commissions.
Common Stock Price
High Low
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Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 1999
First Quarter............................................. $15.25 $ 8.94
Second Quarter............................................ 12.19 9.25
Third Quarter............................................. 13.81 9.16
Fourth Quarter............................................ 17.38 3.88
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2000
First Quarter............................................. $39.00 $ 5.75
Second Quarter............................................ 16.25 8.06
Third Quarter............................................. 15.75 10.50
Fourth Quarter............................................ 14.75 8.81
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2001
First Quarter............................................. $13.00 $ 7.97
Second Quarter............................................ 13.17 7.88
Third Quarter............................................. 18.05 9.75
Fourth Quarter (through October 22, 2001)................. 21.98 16.70
On October 22, 2001, the last reported sale price for our common stock was
$20.15 per share, and there were approximately 1,044 stockholders of record of
our common stock.
Dividend policy
We have not paid any dividends and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in
the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all available funds and
any future earnings for use in the operation of our business. Under the terms of
certain of our term loans, we are restricted from paying cash dividends until
the loans are fully repaid.
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Dilution
Our net tangible book value as of September 30, 2001 was $72,897,000, or
approximately $1.55 per share of common stock. Net tangible book value per share
represents the amount of our tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by
47,087,796 shares of common stock.
Net tangible book value dilution per share represents the difference between the
amount per share paid by purchasers of shares of common stock in this offering
and the pro forma adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock
immediately after completion of this offering. After giving effect to the sale
of 5,000,000 shares of common stock in this offering at a public offering price
of $20.00 per share and the receipt of the estimated net proceeds therefrom
(after deducting estimated offering expenses), our pro forma adjusted net
tangible book value as of September 30, 2001 would have been $166,587,000, or
$3.20 per share, an immediate increase of $1.65 per share over the net tangible
book value to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $16.80 per
share to the adjusted net tangible book value to purchasers of common stock in
this offering, as illustrated in the following table:
Public offering price per share............................. $20.00
Net tangible book value per share at September 30, 2001... $1.55
Increase per share attributable to new investors in this
offering................................................ 1.65
-----
Pro forma adjusted net tangible book value per share after
offering.................................................. $ 3.20
------
Net tangible book value dilution per share to new investors
in this offering.......................................... $16.80
======
To the extent that outstanding options and warrants are exercised, or our
outstanding convertible preferred stock or convertible debt is converted, there
could be further dilution to new investors.
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Selected consolidated financial data
The following selected consolidated financial data for the five years ended
December 31, 2000 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements
of ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The financial data for the nine-month periods
ended September 30, 2001 and 2000 are derived from unaudited consolidated
financial statements. The unaudited financial statements include all
adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which the Company
considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the
results of operations for these periods. Operating results for the nine months
ended September 30, 2001 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may
be expected for the entire year ending December 31, 2001. The data should be
read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, the related
notes, and other financial information incorporated by reference herein.
Nine Months
ended
Years Ended December 31, September 30,
---------------------------------------------------- -------------------
2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 2001 2000
Statement of operations data: (unaudited)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(in thousands, except per share data)
Total revenues........................... $37,255 $33,925 $39,171 $32,722 $22,663 $ 31,529 $29,319
Research and development expenses........ 57,014 66,413 62,200 55,940 45,653 58,954 41,986
Net loss applicable to common stock...... (54,699) (59,645) (42,983) (31,066) (26,521) (59,175) (38,936)
Basic and diluted net loss per share..... (1.48) (2.08) (1.60) (1.17) (1.04) (1.43) (1.08)
Shares used in computing basic and
diluted net loss per share............. 37,023 28,703 26,873 26,456 25,585 41,517 36,172
As of
As of December 31, September 30,
------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 2001
Balance sheet data: (unaudited)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(in thousands)
Cash, cash equivalents and
short-term investments............ $127,262 $ 52,839 $ 58,848 $ 86,786 $ 77,624 $ 213,202
Working capital..................... 118,568 44,213 40,651 62,573 56,300 183,852
Total assets........................ 183,256 103,107 96,074 117,881 101,305 294,412
Long-term debt and capital lease
obligations, less current
portion........................... 102,254 87,254 77,724 56,452 19,864 123,651
Accumulated deficit................. (311,460) (256,761) (197,116) (154,133) (123,067) (370,635)
Stockholders' equity (deficit)...... 66,366 869 (4,186) 34,852 58,385 118,030
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Underwriting
We and the underwriters for this offering named below have entered into an
underwriting agreement concerning the shares being offered. Subject to
conditions, each underwriter has severally agreed to purchase the number of
shares indicated in the following table. UBS Warburg LLC, Robertson
Stephens, Inc., Needham & Company, Inc. and Fortis Securities Inc. are the
representatives of the underwriters.
Underwriters Number of
Shares
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UBS Warburg LLC............................................. 2,282,500
Robertson Stephens, Inc..................................... 1,186,900
Needham & Company, Inc...................................... 867,350
Fortis Securities Inc....................................... 228,250
Lazard Freres & Co. LLC..................................... 75,000
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated........................... 75,000
SG Cowen Securities Corporation............................. 75,000
Dominick & Dominick LLC..................................... 35,000
Wells Fargo Van Kasper...................................... 35,000
Gruntal & Co. L.L.C......................................... 35,000
Loeb Partners Corporation................................... 35,000
Moors & Cabot, Inc.......................................... 35,000
Roth Capital Partners LLC................................... 35,000
---------
Total................................................... 5,000,000
=========
If the underwriters sell more shares than the total number set forth in the
table above, the underwriters have a 30-day option to buy up to 750,000 shares
from us at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and
commissions to cover these sales. If any shares are purchased under this option,
the underwriters will severally purchase shares in approximately the same
proportion as set forth in the table above.
The following table provides information regarding the amount of the discount to
be paid to the underwriters by us:
No Exercise of Full Exercise of
over-allotment option over-allotment option
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Per share................................................... $ 1.20 $ 1.20
Total................................................... $6,000,000 $6,900,000
We estimate that the total expenses of this offering payable by us, excluding
underwriting discounts and commissions, will be about $310,000.
Shares sold by the underwriters to the public will initially be offered at the
public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus. Any shares sold
by the underwriters to securities dealers may be sold at a discount of up to
$0.72 per share from the public offering price. Any of these securities dealers
may resell any shares purchased from the underwriters to other brokers or
dealers at a discount of up to $0.10 per share from the public offering price.
If all the shares are not sold at the public offering price, the representatives
may change the offering price and the other selling terms.
We and each of our directors and executive officers have agreed with the
underwriters not to offer, sell, contract to sell, hedge or otherwise dispose
of, directly or indirectly, any of our common stock or securities convertible
into or exchangeable for shares of common stock during the period from the date
of this prospectus continuing through the date 90 days after the date of this
prospectus without the prior written consent of UBS Warburg LLC.
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17
In connection with this offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell shares
of our common stock in the open market. These transactions may include
stabilizing transactions, short sales and purchases to cover positions created
by short sales. Stabilizing transactions consist of bids or purchases made for
the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our
common stock while this offering is in progress. Short sales involve the sale by
the underwriters of a greater number of shares than they are required to
purchase in this offering. Short sales may be either "covered short sales" or
"naked short sales." Covered short sales are sales made in an amount not greater
than the underwriters' over-allotment option to purchase additional shares in
this offering. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by
either exercising their over-allotment option or purchasing shares in the open
market. In determining the source of shares to close out the covered short
position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of
shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at
which they may purchase shares through the over-allotment option. Naked short
sales are sales in excess of the over-allotment option. The underwriters must
close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A
naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are
concerned there may be downward pressure on the price of shares in the open
market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this
offering.
The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular
underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discount
received by it because the representatives have repurchased shares sold by or
for the account of that underwriter in stabilizing or short covering
transactions.
These activities by the underwriters may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect
the market price of our common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock
may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If
these activities are commenced, they may be discontinued by the underwriters at
any time. These transactions may be effected on the Nasdaq National Market or
otherwise.
In addition, in connection this offering certain of the underwriters (and
selling group members) may engage in passive market making transactions in the
common stock on the Nasdaq National Market prior to the pricing and completion
of the offering. Passive market making consists of displaying bids on the Nasdaq
National Market no higher than the bid prices of independent market makers and
making purchases at prices no higher than these independent bids and effected in
response to order flow. Net purchases by a passive market maker on each day are
limited to a specified percentage of the passive market maker's average daily
trading volume in the common stock during a specified period and must be
discontinued when such limit is reached. Passive market making may cause the
price of the common stock to be higher than the price that otherwise would exist
in the open market in the absence of such transactions. If passive market making
is commenced, it may be discontinued at any time.
We have agreed to indemnify the several underwriters against some liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, and to contribute to
payments that the underwriters may be required to make in respect thereof.
Fortis Bank (Nederland) N.V., an affiliate of Fortis Securities Inc., a
co-managing underwriter of this offering, received $60,000 in advisory fees from
the Company in the six month period preceding the October 9, 2001 filing of the
Registration Statement for this offering. These fees are deemed underwriting
compensation under the NASD's Conduct Rules. In the ordinary course of their
respective businesses, the underwriters and certain of their affiliates may in
the future engage in investment and commercial banking or other transactions
with us, including the provision of certain advisory services and making loans
to us.
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Where you can find more information
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information in the
registration statement has been omitted from this prospectus in accordance with
the rules of the SEC. We are a public company and file proxy statements and
annual, quarterly and special reports and other information with the SEC. You
can inspect and copy the registration statement as well as the reports, proxy
statements and other information we have filed with the SEC at the public
reference room maintained by the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
20549, and at the SEC Regional Offices located at Citicorp Center, 500 West
Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661-2511. You can call the SEC
at 1-800-732-0330 for further information about the public reference rooms. We
are also required to file electronic versions of these documents with the SEC,
which may be accessed from the SEC's World Wide Web site at http://www.sec.gov.
Reports, proxy and information statements and other information concerning Isis
may be inspected at The Nasdaq Stock Market at 1735 K Street, N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20006.
Incorporation of certain documents by reference
The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" certain of our publicly-filed
documents into this prospectus, which means that information included in those
documents is considered part of this prospectus. Information that we file with
the SEC after the effective date of this prospectus will automatically update
and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed
below and any future filings made with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14
or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, until all the shares of common stock that are part
of this offering are sold.
The following documents filed with the SEC are incorporated by reference in this
prospectus:
- our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2000;
- our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2001;
- our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as amended on August 15, 2001, and on
October 11, 2001, for the period ended June 30, 2001;
- our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2001;
- our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on August 29, 2001;
- our Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the SEC on October 5, 2001; and
- the description of our common stock in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A
filed with the SEC on April 12, 1991, as updated by our Certificate of
Amendment of our Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed with our
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2001.
All documents that we file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and before the
termination of the offering of the common stock offered in this prospectus shall
be deemed incorporated by reference into this prospectus and to be a part of
this prospectus from the respective dates of filing such documents.
We will furnish without charge to you, on written or oral request, a copy of any
or all of the documents incorporated by reference, other than exhibits to those
documents. You should direct any requests for documents to Vice President of
Finance at Isis' principal executive offices at 2292 Faraday Avenue, Carlsbad,
California 92008, telephone number (760) 931-9200.
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Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated
by reference in this prospectus shall be deemed modified, superseded or replaced
for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this
prospectus or in any subsequently filed document that also is or is deemed to be
incorporated by reference in this prospectus modifies, supersedes or replaces
such statement. Any statement so modified, superseded or replaced shall not be
deemed, except as so modified, superseded or replaced, to constitute a part of
this prospectus.
Legal matters
The validity of the issuance of the common stock offered hereby will be passed
upon for us by Cooley Godward LLP, San Diego, California. Dewey Ballantine LLP,
New York, New York, is counsel for the underwriters in connection with the
offering.
Experts
Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, have audited our consolidated financial
statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended on April 2,
2001, for the year ended December 31, 2000, as set forth in their report, which
is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the
registration statement. Our financial statements are incorporated by reference
in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP's report, given on their authority as experts
in accounting and auditing.
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